Under slavery, millions of people were uprooted from their families, discriminated against, denied basic rights, and killed. Then slavery was outlawed, and under Jim Crow, millions of people were uprooted from their families, discriminated against, denied basic rights, and killed. Then overt race-based discrimination was outlawed, and now with the US criminal justice system, millions of people are uprooted from their families, discriminated against, denied basic rights, and killed. Absent cultural change, laws against discrimination don't end discrimination. They just change its form.